3.3.1 Sources of damage, causes of damage and types of loss

The actual sources of damage are lightning strikes that are subdivided into four groups depending on the point of strike (Table 3.3.1.1):

S1        Direct lightning strike to a structure;
S2        Lightning strike near a structure;
S3        Direct lightning strike to an incoming line;
S4        Lightning strike near an incoming line.

These sources of damage may result in different causes of damage which cause the loss. The standard specifies four causes of damage:

D1D        Injury to people caused by electric shock caused by direct lightning strikes on people.
D1T        Injury to people due to electric shock caused by touch and step voltages (galvanic and inductive coupling).
D2        Dangerous sparking in the structures, causing fire or explosions and/or mechanical and chemical effects, with potential impact on the surrounding area. 
D3        Failure of electrical and electronic systems as a result of surges.